Israel's first attempt to land an unmanned spacecraft on the moon with the Beresheet was rendered unsuccessful on Apdue to a software bug with its engine system, which prevented it from slowing down during its final descent on the moon's surface.Japan's Hitomi astronomical satellite was destroyed on March 26, 2016, when a thruster fired in the wrong direction, causing the spacecraft to spin faster instead of stabilize.It was restored to working condition after deleting unnecessary files. Engineers found that too many files had accumulated in the rover's flash memory. NASA's Spirit rover became unresponsive on January 21, 2004, a few weeks after landing on Mars.This caused the battery to overheat (November 2, 2006). A mis-sent command from Earth caused the software of the NASA Mars Global Surveyor to incorrectly assume that a motor had failed, causing it to point one of its batteries at the sun.Its sister spacecraft Mars Climate Orbiter was also destroyed, due to software on the ground generating commands based on parameters in pound-force (lbf) rather than newtons (N).NASA Mars Polar Lander was destroyed because its flight software mistook vibrations caused by the deployment of the stowed legs for evidence that the vehicle had landed and shut off the engines 40 meters from the Martian surface (December 3, 1999).The European Space Agency's CryoSat-1 satellite was lost in a launch failure in 2005 due to a missing shutdown command in the flight control system of its Rokot carrier rocket.In 2000, a Zenit 3SL launch failed due to faulty ground software not closing a valve in the rocket's second stage pneumatic system.The problem, which was identified and corrected from Earth, was due to computer resets caused by priority inversion. In 1997, the Mars Pathfinder mission was jeopardised by a bug in concurrent software shortly after the rover landed, which was found in preflight testing but given a low priority as it only occurred in certain unanticipated heavy-load conditions.The US$1 billion prototype rocket self-destructed due to a bug in the on-board guidance software. The European Space Agency's Ariane 5 Flight 501 was destroyed 40 seconds after takeoff (June 4, 1996).The Russian Space Research Institute's Phobos 1 ( Phobos program) deactivated its attitude thrusters and could no longer properly orient its solar arrays or communicate with Earth, eventually depleting its batteries.The shorter length of the first three missions and a computer failure on Gemini 4 prevented the bug from being detected earlier.
A 360-degree rotation corresponding to the earth's rotation relative to the fixed stars was used instead of the 360.98-degree rotation in a 24-hour solar day. NASA's 1965 Gemini 5 mission landed 80 miles (130 km) short of its intended splashdown point when the pilot compensated manually for an incorrect constant for the Earth's rotation rate.The initial reporting of the cause of this bug was incorrect. This was the result of the failure of a transcriber to notice an overbar in a written specification for the guidance program, resulting in the coding of an incorrect formula in its FORTRAN software. A booster went off course during launch, resulting in the destruction of NASA Mariner 1.